Analysis Of The Obstacles To Chinese Corporate Governance Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2116 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Question ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡What obstacles face the further improvement of corporate governance practices in Chinas large companies? Introduction With the popularity of the globalisation and increase of international transaction, China is trying its best to adopt the trend of this development. Since the economic reform in 19**, China has changed its model of company governance step by step, all with the purpose of raising the standard of Chinese peoples living. The reform of Chinas socialist market economy stimulates the transform from state-owned enterprises to corporatise to shareholding companies. Chinas efforts to re-establish a market-oriented economy mainly expresses in the aspects of the transform of the ownership of companies, rule-based approach to its securities market and laws and regulations of corporate governance. (CL 1) Corporate Governance is commonly viewed as a system that delineates the rights and responsibilities of each major group of s takeholders in company, and sets rules and procedures for making decisions about company affairs (OECD, 1998). Overall, Chinese definition of corporate governance is described in 1999, as the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined (OECD 1999, P2) Although with these great progress in the reform of the economic system and the structure of corporate governance of China, these are still some problems hinder the economic development. As accepted, the most effective solution for adopting the modern economic development is improving the structure of corporate governance to suite the new re-established market-oriented economy. (CL 1) This essay aims at assessing the obstacles existing in the further improvement of corporate governance practices. In order to analyze this convincingly, at first this essay gives a general background knowledge about the present structure of co rporate governance in China. In this section it introduces the modern characteristics and governance model. It then assesses the obvious and crucial problems in China which hinder the development of further improvement of corporate governance practices. It mainly talks about the issues in eight aspects:ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦.. Finally, this paper gives out some prevalent perspective of how to conquer the barrier holding in the modern society, with relevant to the current form of economic development. Background knowledge about the CG A good model of CG should provide proper motivation for the board and management to pursue their goals that are in the profits of the corporate and shareholders, furthermore, stimulating effective supervising, with the result that encouraging firms to use resources more efficiently. (OECD 1999, P2) Principles and Modern model The main principle existing behind co rporate governance is that companies ought not to only aim on its own profits; they also ought to share their interests with their investors as well. That means all the stakeholders should have the right to be allocated with the interests. (http) On the base of this element principle, some specific standards and regulations are still needed in the firms. (http) With the main principle described above, it could be concluded that the corporate governance could be understood in two terms: a structure to direct a company and a method to coordinate the interests of managers and shareholders and reduce the costs. (TRACK 4) Generally in the international world, there are mainly two models of corporate governance in practice. One is shareholder value model and the other one is the codetermination model. The former one, also called a market-oriented model, has the main characteristic that selling shares directly to decentralized distribution of shares, with an active market for hostile takeovers. (T 5) Its main purpose is to increase the value of corporate for the benefits of shareholders. The latter one, with few hostile takeovers, prefers a network-oriented approach. It takes the measures of improving loyalty and motivation of employees, which has a name of participation theory. The main difference between the two models is that the former one takes its measure of cost advantage and radical innovation to direct firms to win in competition, whereby the latter one aims on the method of improving quality and innovation. (T 5) A Chinese corporate governance system Chinese corporate governance system has combination characteristics of the two models. However the most significant feature of it is that state plays a controlling role in the method of direct or indirect ownership to manipulate the company. It is usually expressed in the form of private shareholders or stakeholders and creditors to control the enterprise. China has the three main models of corpo rate governance structures. (Chen and Strange, 2004) (T 11) The first model is the most common one. Its non-tradable shares are hold by solely state-owned institutional investors and other institutional investors at the same time. They take this method to apply their indirect control of the firm. (T 11) However, in the second model, the state masters the enterprises directly through the way of holding controlling voting shares. In other words, the governmental departments have direct ownership of non-tradable shares. (T 11) According to the third model, it is a characteristic of an assemblage of various other shareholders, which contain private shareholders, enterprises with foreign investors and Collectively Owned Enterprises (COEs). (T 11) The Current corporate governance practices in China Current Legal Framework Maximizing the shareholder value and productivity of companies are the main purpose of corporate governance. Since in 1992 the first China Securities Regulat ory Commission (CSRC) was established, more and more laws, regulations and directives (more than 300) relating to securities and futures market have been promulgated to maintain the economic order. (USC 2) The Chinese legal framework for corporate governance contains the laws of Company Law, the Securities Law and the Code of Corporate Governance for Listed Companies. (USC 2) It is in 1993 that the first legislative force, the Company Law, come into force. After that, the Company Law was revised in 2005, and then came into force in 2006, with the goal of expanding the legislation. (Directing 2) The Securities Law as well as the Company Law affects the structure of corporate governance in its own way. (D 2) The Code of Corporate Governance by CSRC sets out the most important assessment standard of evaluating whether it is good corporate governance inside a listed enterprise, with the aim to have a more efficiently running economic market. (D 2) Recent development Rights of shar eholders and rules for shareholders meeting Since China has established its Securities Regulatory Commission in 1992, it has made essential and abundant progress of corporate governance in many areas. Among all, the significant one is the adjustment of the rights of shareholders and rules for shareholders meeting. It stipulates in Chapter 1 of the Code of Corporate Governance that all shareholders enjoy equal rights and burden the equivalent responsibilities based on the shares they hold. Furthermore, they have the right to prevent their right from encroaching by the way of applying for law. As the rules for shareholders meetings, there are stated two forms of meeting: general one and interim one. It also has been described in the Code that Every shareholder has the right to attend the meetings in person at present, however if he would like, he could assign a representative on their behalf. Both patterns should have the same legal effect, as stated in the Code. (USC 3) regulat ion about the directors and board of directors The progresses also are expressed in the aspects of establishing the relevant regulation about the directors and board of directors. As Chapter 3 of the Code states, it stipulates the issues about directors and board of directors in six areas. It contains election procedures, duties and responsibilities, composition of the board, rules, independent directors and specialized committees. (USC 4) According to Chapter 5, for encouraging the employees more effectively, it states some rules about performance assessments and incentive and disciplinary systems. It talks about the issue with the main principle of fair and transparent standards objecting to the directors, supervisors and management personnel. (USC 5) Fiduciary Duties Another impressive expression of the progress is about the aspect of fiduciary duties. The Company Law requires protecting the companys interests by the directors, supervisors and managers in the way of appl ying their official duties. In other words, they are not allowed to exploit their positions and power within the enterprise. (USC 4) Whats more, it also forbids its employees from engaging personally work, which is the same with the one he operates in the company, in relevant business. (USC 4) On the other hand, the Securities Law has some regulations about insider information and related party transactions. As Doe and Chan concluded in 2001, persons, who hold the insider information relating to securities trading, are forbidden to use the relevant information to do the securities trading activities. (USC 6) Information Disclosure and Transparency Last but not least, the part about information disclosure and transparency is an attracting progress as well. It is the CSRC that established the basic framework for information disclosure in Chinas securities markets. As Liu and Zhang described in 1996, the frame could be separated into four levels, which involves securities trading legislation, implementing securities legislation, content, form, and criterion of it and the interpretation and explanation of the specific provisions. (USC 5) Whats more, for matching this aim of information disclosure, the Securities Law has some regulations about the right of auditors. It states that auditors have the right to review the companys financial statements and records and to request relevant information for the purpose of guarantee the effectively running of the company. (USC 7) The obstacles Highly concentrated Ownership Structure States over control Government assigning persons (Insider control of corporate affair) Weak protection of the Shareholders right Issues about directors and board of directors Executive of the directors Independent directors and committees Assessment and incentive system Weak Supervisory Board Insider Trading and control Insider information trading Collusions in Market manipulations Horizontal compet ition Information Disclosure The part of information disclosure is such important with so many reasons. Firstly, it is necessary for the government and public to get the knowledge about the governance of the company to set a practical policy and supervise their deed in the modern world. (ÃÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­ÃƒÆ' ¦-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡2) Secondly ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢the public could get more information about the company through the information disclosure companies provided. This could improve the trust to the company from the public and help the company establish a good corporate image. Furthermore, a good policy of information disclosure will provide a general management strategy and profit running of the company to a potential investor, therefore, it could help the company to get a low-cost financing, which of course improve its competitiveness. (ÃÆ' ¤Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¸Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ­ÃƒÆ' ¦-à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¡ 2) (ÃÆ' ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢) ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã‚ ¡ In the modern corporate governance system, the main obstacles that exist in the part of information disclosure are lack of timeliness, lack of integrity and falsification of financial data. In many cases, the most typical expression of the drawbacks is without providing information timely and accurate. As widely accepted, timeliness is vital dimension of the effects of information disclosure. Only the timely and accurate information could provide the value knowledge to the public and relevant parties. But in the current society of China, it rarely provides the useful information timely. Further speaking, the present information disclosure policy in China is far from sufficiency. On the one hand, despite the mandatory disclosure of company information is designed according to laws, regulations and industry standards, companies rarely adopt the requirement. On the other hand, the autonomic requirements of disclosure that from ethics and values are always be en ignored. Furthermore, the information that most enterprises disclosed is far to satisfy the relevant party to get the whole running situation of the enterprises. Another obstacle is that although Chinese laws on corporate governance follow international standards in general in its documents, mandatory disclosure of company information does not lead to a greater transparency. Because no one could guarantee the information provided is with truthfulness and accuracy. One of the persuadable evidences is that as reported in China Reform Daily 2001, approximately 98.7% of Chinese companies falsified their earnings in annual reports for the past accounting year. Solution Suggestion: China should draw lessons from many existing examples, such as the major directing rules of CSRC 2002, the major Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) rules and the NYSE (2003) requirements. The first one gives the rules that regulating an ongoing responsibility of listed companies and recommend the secretary o f the board of directors shall be in charge of information disclosure. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that each annual and quarterly financial reportÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦shall disclose all material off-balance sheet transactions and directors, officers and owners of 10% or more must report designated transactions by the end of the second business day following the day which the transaction was executed. As well as the NYSE requires each listed enterprises to adopt and disclose corporate governance guidelines, and to adopt and disclose a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers, and employees, and to promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers at the same time. Conclusion Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of The Obstacles To Chinese Corporate Governance Finance Essay" essay for you Create order

Case Study - 1535 Words

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Human Perceptions Free Essays

As Human beings we are blessed to have five senses. These senses are sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. These senses make â€Å"normal† life manageable for us. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Perceptions or any similar topic only for you Order Now All five are equally as important as the next. However it is not impossible to live without one or two of them. Sometimes losing one our senses can enhance the rest. Human beings thrive on their ability to detect what is happening around them and make sense of the changes. Essentially, a human being cannot be able to do without the ability to sense and get the meaning behind the senses. Sensory properties are perceived when our sensory organism interacts with stimuli in the world around us. There are several senses which are fundamental in the human well being. These senses include vision, gestation, olfaction, touch, audition and multimodal perception. For humans, experience, of the world is generally stable, and the ability to perceive it is easily taken for granted. Objects have positions, shapes and colors that seem to be perceived instantly, and we can reach for them or move to where they are, without any apparent effort. It is worth oting that sensory perceptions inform the thinking process. Essentially, thinking is a process which entails and interplays of many facets. Furthermore, what is thought about proceeds from what has been acquired through the senses. Hence, faulty perceptions influence the quality of the thinking process. There are three reasons to believe that our senses are fallible. Seeing should not always be believing. Once we realize that our s enses can be fooled, then we can begin to adjust to surface appearance and personal distortions. Sometimes our senses can be deceived. Our senses do not always deliver accurate data to our brain. Our senses do not operate effectively when we are sick, drowsy, or tired. Our sensual perceptions, such as sight, can deceive our brain in three major ways. It can be limited biologically, we see the superficial; corralled by custom, we see the habitual; and blinded by language, we see the general. Our five senses are generally part of nature and as we get older, wiser, and mature we tend to nurture our senses to perceive things better. We are born with vision, smelling, hearing, taste, and touch. These are innate sensory perceptions. A child does not know the smell of smoke or certain food items being cooked. As they get more mature, their senses become stronger and by nurturing these senses they can distinguish the different smells. In conclusion, our five senses are innate and part of nature. As a child, our senses are immature and as we get older our senses improve. We continually return to our senses to refresh the data, to seek new data, and to use specific instruments to justify and sharpen our senses so that we don’t perceive fallible information. Citations: Kirby, G. R. , Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Chapter 3 Advances in Consumer Research – North American Conference Proceedings; 2009, Vol. 36, p127-130, 4p Kirby, G. R. , Goodpaster, J. R. (2007). Thinking. Prentice Hall. Patterson, J. , Owen, C. , Frank, D. , Smith, R. , Cadusch, P. (2004, May). Flavour sensory qualities and consumer perceptions – a comparison of sensory and brain activity responses to flavour components in different populations. International Journal of Food Science Technology, 39(5), 481-490. How to cite Human Perceptions, Essay examples

Jane Eyre Essay Thesis Example For Students

Jane Eyre Essay Thesis Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre can be viewed in many different ways, but most of all, it is a romantic novel Some, however, dont see it this way. The beginning stages of the love relationship between Jane and Mr. Rochesters are a bit unusual. Some may say Mr. Rochester treats Jane unfairly. Its not until later on in the story when Jane meets another man, that she realizes her true love for Mr. Rochester. This is what makes a romantic novel. There are two stages or parts to the relationship between Jane and Mr. Rochester. The first stage begins when they first meet in chapter 10 and continues until Janes departure in Chapter 27. This stage of their relationship is best described as dishonest and somewhat peculiar. When Jane and Rochester first meet, (p.129), she is unaware that the rider, who has just fallen off of his horse, is Mr. Rochester, her trip to the post office is interrupted when a horse slips on some ice and throws the rider off. Jane goes to offer help to this stranger. After refusing to let Jane go for help, the rider starts asking her questions about the owner of Thornfield. Rochester acts somewhat startled when Jane admits shes never actually seen the owner. Not only is this first encounter extremely strange because he forgets to mention the fact that he is Mr. Rochester, but he acts startled when she admits that shes never met her employer, the infamous Mr. Rochester. Throughout the whole first part of Jane and Rochesters relationship, we constantly see Rochester testing Jane in all different ways. In chapter 14, he blatantly asks Jane if she thinks he is a handsome man. (When people ask such questions, its either a joke to see what someone will say, or the person is just extremely conceited which Rochester doesnt show at any other time). The first time we see the connection between Rochester and Jane is when they have the conversation about Celine Varens. This is where Rochester completely opens up to Jane about his feelings for Celine and how she broke his heart. Rochesters biggest trick was when he dressed up as a gypsy and demanded to read the fortunes of all of the young women of the house. When it Janes turn came, the gypsy hounded her with questions about her feelings towards Rochester. Jane cautiously answered, remembering that the gypsy mentioned being a friend of Grace Poole. Shortly after, Rochester reveals his true identity and begins to boast about how well he tricked everyone. While he thinks he did this wonderful job on portraying a gypsy, Jane, as well as most of the readers, see this as a rather childish act that was very cruel. No one likes to be tricked. Shortly into Janes stay at Thornfield, we meet a new woman in Rochesters life, Blanche Ingram. Blanche is an extremely snobby, upper class woman who isnt really fond of Jane. One of her many rude acts was purposely having a conversation in front of Jane about how useless governess are. Eventually, there are rumors saying that Rochester will marry Blanche Ingram. Rochester speaks about a Mrs. Rochester many times, but is very careful not to mention any names. One example of this is when Mr. Rochester says, you must see the carriage, Jane, and tell me if you dont think it will suit Mrs. Rochester exactly While the readers and Jane think this is his way of rubbing it in her face, what hes really doing is trying to see what Janes reaction will be. This is a romantic gesture. .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab , .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .postImageUrl , .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab , .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:hover , .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:visited , .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:active { border:0!important; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:active , .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9d9d969d98a91f3f31cfd9174a7e6cab:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lake EssayIt is not until Chapter 23 when Mr. Rochester finally confesses his love for Jane. This comes after yet another one of his tests/tricks. He finds Jane to tell her that he has found her another job as a governess in Ireland. After hearing this, Jane breaks down and sobs, saying, I grieve to leave Thornfield: I love Thornfield (p.283) This can be seen as his final test to make sure that Jane truly loves him. He goes on to tell Jane that he never really liked Blanche Ingram. He even tested her by spreading a rumor that he wasnt as wealthy as he appeared to be. After hearing that, Blanches interest in him decreased a lot. Jane then admits that shes been in love with Rochester all along and they romantically embrace each other for the first time. She calling out, Dear Edward! and he saying, my little wife.Everything seems perfect until the wedding day, when we see the most dishonest thing of all. Right in the middle of the ceremony, we are told that Rochester is already married. All along, hes had a crazy wife locked upstairs on the third floor. The fact that he hid it from Jane from the beginning and agreed only to tell her about Grace Poole a year after they were married is probably the most dishonest thing he could have done. After thinking it through, Jane decides to leave Thornfield. This is the format of the traditional romance novel. Boy gets girl, boy loses girl. Soon after leaving Thornfield, Jane meets St. John, a man who welcomes her into his home with open arms. The relationship between St. John and Jane begins as a harmless one. Jane discovers that St. John truly loves Rosamond Oliver, but wont be anymore than friends with her. St. John feels he would better serve God if he became a missionary in India. With this in mind, he proposes a, love-less marriage to Jane. At first Jane considers the proposal, but realizes it would be too much for her and she would go simply as a coworker, not a wife. Jane continues to contemplate whether or not to join him, but her choice is made when she hears a voice that she thinks is Rochesters. After hearing his voice, she knew she still loves Rochester and must go back to him. When Jane goes back to find Rochester, she finds more than she expected. After her departure, there was a terrible fire and Rochester lost one eye, was blinded in another, and had his left hand amputated. The moment they reunited, they started playing games again. Jane offered to be Rochesters nurse, a housekeeper, someone to take care of him. In reality, we all know that she really wants to be his wife. Jane tells him about her stay at the Moor house and about St. John and he shows his first signs of jealousy. He then asked Jane if she would think he was foolish if he still wanted a wife. Hoping this would lead up to something, she chose her words very carefully, replies that her feelings would depend on whom he chose to marry. She says to him, Choose her who loves you best. He replies, I will choose her I love best. (chapter 37) Rochester finally asks Jane to marry him and she gladly accepts. In the romantic style, boy gets girl back. In order to fully understand Jane and Rochesters relationship, you have to see that Jane tried a different lifestyle after being with Rochester. When he betrayed her, she left, and almost married another man. What her time away from Rochester shows us is that she truly loved him and couldnt be with any other man. She made the journey back to him and jumped at the chance to marry him overlooking his handicaps, showing the passion she had for him and the romance of the novel. .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 , .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .postImageUrl , .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 , .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:hover , .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:visited , .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:active { border:0!important; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:active , .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96 .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3446ccc135e7aa776571ab20b29f7d96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robinson Crusoe And Friday EssayJane Eyre can be seen as a romantic novel because the romantic relationship between Jane and Mr. Rochester changes throughout the book. Although it is based on dishonesty and tricky in the beginning, they work their way through this to arrive at their true feelings and romantically live happily ever after.